Category: Industry trends

The REJ603 relay is used for selective short-circuit and earth-fault protection of feeders in secondary distribution networks, as well as for transformer protection in utilities and industry.

The relay is a self-powered digital relay that does not require an external auxiliary supply voltage, making it ideal even for installations in remote areas where auxiliary power is not available.

The relay operates from a current transformer.

The REJ603 is mainly used in Ring Main Units (RMUs) in distribution networks.

The relay provides earth current measurement by internal calculation, or it can measure earth current from an external core balanced current transformer (CBCT).

The main features of the relay are

Self-powered three-phase non-directional overcurrent and earth fault protection with DMT and IDMT characteristics

Dual earth fault measurement modes – internal vector summing or external CBCT inputs

Integration of IDMT curves (IEC and special) in a single product to www.ge-drive.com meet the time-coordinated requirements of secondary distribution protection

Protection blocking via second harmonic measurement to ensure stability during transformer magnetic surges

Capacitive discharge pulse output for low-energy trip coils

Built-in manual reset electromechanical sign for trip indication

Easy setup via DIP switches, protected by transparent cover

Compact design and mounting for ring main unit (RMU) applications

Test equipment for testing the entire program, including primary CTs, relays and trip coils

Operating instructions

The combined overcurrent and earth fault relay is a secondary relay that is connected to the current transformer of the protected object.

In addition to the measurements (inputs), the relay receives from the current transformer the energy required for its own operation and for tripping the circuit breakers.

There are two LEDs on the front panel. The green “Ready” indicator lights up when the minimum current required for operation is available, indicating that the relay is operating.

When a fault is detected, the relay will trip the circuit breaker according to the setting.

The relay will also perform periodic internal health checks and notify the user of any faults within the relay.

Internal relay faults are indicated by the red LED “IRF” indicator.

The overcurrent device will operate when the phase current exceeds the set run time for timed operation or the calculated run time for inverse time limit operation.

Operation. Similarly, the high level I>> of the overcurrent device will actuate when the set operation time has expired.

The ground fault unit operates when the ground fault current exceeds the set operation time for timed operation or the calculated operation time for inverse time limit operation.

Similarly, the high level I0>> of the ground-fault unit operates when the set operation time expires.

The low-level rectification stage of the overcurrent unit and the low-level rectification stage of the ground-fault unit can have a deterministic time or inverse deterministic minimum time (IDMT) characteristic.

When the IDMT characteristic is selected, four standard time/current curves and three special time/current curves are available.

The standard curves conform to BS142 and IEC 60255 and are referred to as normal inverse time, extreme inverse time, extreme inverse time and long time inverse time.

In addition, three special curves are available, namely the RI curve, the HR fuse curve and the FR fuse curve.

Compact and versatile solution for utility and industrial distribution systems

The REV615 is a specialized capacitor bank protection and control relay for the protection, control, measurement and monitoring of capacitor banks used for reactive power compensation in utility and industrial distribution systems.

Compact multifunctional solution for utility and industrial distribution systems, integrating protection, control, monitoring and supervision in one relay.

Provides a wide range of protection and control functions for H-bridge, dual Y-connected and single Y-connected capacitor banks and feeder cables as well as harmonic filter circuits.

The REV615 is a member of the ABB Relion product family and is part of its 615 Protection and Control Series of relays.

Scope

Protection of capacitor banks and harmonic filter circuits

Product advantages

Off-the-shelf standard configuration for quick and easy setup with customized features

Pull-out plug-in design for quick installation and testing

Large graphic display for customizable SLDs, accessible locally or via an easy-to-use web browser-based HMI

Extensive lifecycle services

Product Features

Capacitor bank overload and unbalance protection, non-directional overcurrent and directional ground www.ge-drive.com fault protection, voltage and frequency based protection and measurement functions

Current-based unbalance protection, compensation for natural unbalance, and current-based capacitor bank switching resonance protection

Optional arc protection and high-speed output

Supports IEC 61850 version 1 and 2. including HSR and PRP, GOOSE messaging, and IEC 61850-9-2 LE to minimize wiring and supervised communications

IEEE 1588 V2 for high-precision time synchronization and maximum benefits of Ethernet communications at the substation level

Supports Modbus, DNP3 and IEC 60870-5-103 communication protocols

Applications

The REV615 is designed for primary protection of H-bridge, double Y-type and single Y-type connected capacitor banks and feeder cables.

In addition, the REV615 can be used to protect harmonic filter circuits when the harmonic component is not higher than the 11th.

The REV615 is available in two standard configurations, both of which provide three-phase overload protection, current-based unbalance protection (natural unbalance compensation), and current-based capacitor bank switching resonance protection.

The overload protection includes an integrated undercurrent function that detects the disconnection of the capacitor bank and inhibits the closing of the circuit breaker when the capacitor bank is partially charged.

Three-phase thermal overload protection is available for reactors and resistors in harmonic filter circuits.

The REV615 also provides non-directional overcurrent and ground fault protection for capacitor banks and their feeder cables.

Standard configuration B also provides directional ground fault, residual voltage, voltage unbalance, and over- and under-voltage protection.

Standard configuration A is pre-configured for H-bridge connected capacitor banks with three-phase unbalance protection.

Standard configuration B is pre-configured for capacitor banks with double Y-bridge connection and has single current unbalance protection.

The standard configurations can be customized to meet the requirements of the application with the IEC 61850-compliant protection and control IED manager PCM600.

DESCRIPTION

The REB611 is a specialized busbar protective relay for split-phase short-circuit protection, control and monitoring of single busbars.

The REB611 is suitable for high impedance based applications in utility substations and industrial power systems.

In addition, the relay can be used in restricted earth fault and residual earth fault applications to protect generators, motors, transformers and reactors.

The 611 series relays fully support the IEC 61850 standard for communication and interoperability of substation automation equipment.

This includes fast GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event) messaging, and can now also benefit from the extended interoperability offered by version 2 of the standard.

The relays further support the Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) and the High Availability Seamless Redundancy Protocol (HSR).

The 611 series relays can use both IEC 61850 and Modbus® communication protocols.

The REB611 is a member of the ABB Relion® product family and part www.ge-drive.com of the 611 protection and control product family.

The 611 series relays are characterized by a compact and withdrawable unit design.

The 611 series offers simplified yet powerful functionality for most applications. After entering the application-specific parameter set, the installed relay is ready for operation.

The IEC 61850 standard further increases communication capabilities and interoperability between substation automation equipment, adding flexibility and value for end users and electrical system manufacturers.

The REB611 is a specialized busbar protective relay designed for split-phase short-circuit protection, control and monitoring of single busbars.

The REB611 is used for high impedance based applications in utility substations and industrial power systems.

In addition, this protective relay can be used in restricted earth fault and residual earth fault applications to protect generators, motors, transformers and reactors.The REB611 is available in one standard configuration.

The REB611 is a member of the ABB Relion product family and is part of its 611 protection and control series of relays. The REB611 is a member of the ABB Relion product family.

Range

Busbar and ideal multi-purpose back-up protection relays

Product Benefits

Pre-configured features for busbar protection applications

Relays are delivered pre-configured and factory tested to reduce engineering and commissioning time

Self-healing communication based on HSR/PRP using an optional second Ethernet bus

Compact design makes it suitable for both new and retrofit installations

Pull-out plug-in design for quick installation and testing

Product Features

Bus and ideal multi-purpose backup protection

Powerful and user-friendly web browser-based human machine interface (HMI), including input/output (I/O) matrix with visualization options

Application-specific standard configurations reduce relay setup and commissioning time

Supports IEC 61850 version 1 and 2. including binary GOOSE messages

Pre-configured solutions for utility distribution and industrial applications

Digital relays are based on the use of microprocessors. The first digital relay was released in 1985.

One of the major differences between traditional electromechanical relays and static relays is the way the relays are wired.

Electromechanical and static relays have fixed wiring and are set to manual.

Digital relays, on the other hand, are programmable relays whose characteristics and behavior can be programmed. Most digital relays are also multifunctional.

Scope

Modern Protection Relays

Multi-function protection

Product Advantages

Provide continuity of power to consumers

Protecting network assets

Prevent life-threatening electrical accidents

Product Features

Self-checking facility

Low load relays for improved accuracy

Fast fiber optic communication with substation LAN

Adaptive relay program

Allows storage of historical data

Time Stamping

Security in Distribution Automation

General Security in Distribution Automation

Technological advances and breakthroughs have led to a significant evolution of the power grid. www.ge-drive.com As a result, the emerging “Smart Grid” and “Internet of Things” are rapidly becoming a reality. At the heart of these intelligent advances are specialized IT systems – a variety of control and automation solutions, such as distribution automation systems.

solutions, such as distribution automation systems. Automation systems are becoming increasingly interconnected in order to provide comprehensive real-time information to end-users and to achieve higher reliability and greater control. To address the increased risks associated with these interconnections, ABB offers a wide range of cybersecurity products and solutions for automation systems and critical infrastructure.

The new generation of automation systems utilizes open standards such as IEC 61850 and commercially available technologies, in particular communication protocols based on Ethernet and TCP/IP. They can also be connected to external networks, such as office intranet systems and the Internet. These changes in technology, including the adoption of open IT standards, have brought significant benefits from an operational standpoint, but they have also created cybersecurity issues previously known only to office or corporate IT systems.

To address cybersecurity risks, open IT standards are equipped with cybersecurity mechanisms. These mechanisms have been developed in a large number of enterprise applications and are proven technologies. They enable the design, development and continuous improvement of cybersecurity solutions for control systems, including distribution automation applications.

ABB recognizes the importance of cybersecurity and its role in improving the safety of power distribution networks. Customers investing in new ABB technologies can rely on system solutions that prioritize reliability and safety.

At ABB, we are meeting cybersecurity requirements at the system level and at the product level to support cybersecurity standards or recommendations from organizations such as NERC CIP, IEC 62351. IEC 62443. IEEE 1686. ENISA, and BDEW white papers.

System Hardening Ground Rules

Today’s distribution automation systems are essentially specialized IT systems.

Therefore, several of the rules for hardening automation systems apply to these systems as well. From an automation system perspective, protection and control relays are at the bottom of the hierarchy, closest to the actual main processes. It is important to apply the “defense-in-depth” information security concept, whereby each layer in the system is capable of protecting the automation system, and therefore the protection and control relays are part of this concept. The following points should be considered when planning system protection.

– Recognize and familiarize yourself with all parts of the system and the system’s communication links

– Remove all unnecessary communication links from the system

– Rate the safety level of the remaining connections and improve them using applicable methods

– Harden the system by removing or deactivating all unused processes, communication ports, and services

– Check that all applicable parts of the entire system are backed up

– Collect and store backups of system components and keep them up to date

– Remove all unnecessary user accounts

– Define password policies

– Change default passwords and use strong passwords

– Check that strong encryption and authentication is used for links from the substation to higher-level systems

– Separate public (untrusted) from automated (trusted) networks

– Isolate traffic and networks

– Use firewalls and demilitarized zones

– Evaluate systems regularly

– Use malware protection in workstations and keep it up to date It is important to utilize defense-in-depth concepts when designing automated system security. Connecting devices directly to the Internet is not recommended without adequate additional security components. Security controls should be used for the different layers and interfaces in the system. In addition to product features, strong security means enabling and using available features and enforcing their use according to company policy. Proper training of personnel accessing and using the system is also required.

Provides basic protection for busbars and feeders in utility substations and industrial distribution systems

Products not used since 2012

The feeder protection relay REX 521 is designed for protection, control, measurement and monitoring in medium-voltage grids, as well as for the protection of medium and large three-phase AC motors in circuit breaker-controlled motor drives.

and for the protection of medium and large three-phase AC motors in circuit breaker controlled motor drives.

Typical applications include inlet and outlet feeders and motor feeders as well as substation protection.

In addition, the relays can be used as backup protection for power transformers and as backup protection for high-voltage line protection relays.

The protective relay is equipped with energizing inputs for conventional current and voltage transformers. Hardware versions with current and voltage sensor inputs are also available.

The REX 521 feeder protection relay is further enriched with additional functions to provide www.ge-drive.com your grid with more efficient protection, extended measurement functions, monitoring, control functions and connectivity.

The REX 521 is primarily used in single-bus solutions for various protections using a single circuit breaker.

With pre-fabricated standard configurations, the unit can be used in different types of networks. Typical applications include input and output feeders in radially isolated neutral, resonant grounded, solid grounded and resistance grounded systems.

Scope

Protection, control, measurement and monitoring in medium voltage networks and for the protection of medium and large three-phase AC motors

Product advantages

Multifunctional protection

Product features

energized inputs for conventional current and voltage transformers

Versions with current and voltage sensor inputs also available

Prefabricated, standard configuration

REX 521 Relay Protection Unit

The REX 521 relay protection unit is designed for protection, control, measurement and monitoring of medium voltage networks.

Typical applications include incoming and outgoing feeders and substation protection.

The relay protection unit is equipped with energized inputs for conventional current and voltage transformers.

Hardware versions with current and voltage sensor inputs are also available.

The relay protection unit is based on a multiprocessor environment.

The human-machine interface includes an LCD display with different views for local use and informs the user with prompt messages.

Both hardware and software solutions utilize modern technology.

REX 521 is part of the Distribution Automation substation automation concept and further extends the functionality and flexibility of the concept.

Description

HMI functions

– Buttons for navigation, [C] clear/cancel and [E] enter

– Language selection

– Password-protected set values

– Display backlighting

– Display contrast

– Display test

– Master value selection

– Optically isolated serial communication port

Pushbutton Functions

The HMI includes buttons for operating the relay. A quick touch of the up [↑] or down [↓] arrow buttons

indicates a step up or down in the menu or a minimum step up or down in the parameter setting mode.

– The cursor stops at the first and last lines of the menu; pressing the [↑] button for the first line or the [↓] button for the last line is ignored.

– If [↑] or [↓] is held down all the time, the menu automatically scrolls faster than a single keystroke.